An exploration of the ways in which the men in Journeys End and Regeneration are affected by the War Essays

An exploration of the ways in which the men in Journeys End and Regeneration are affected by the War Essays An exploration of the ways in which the men in Journeys End and Regeneration are affected by the War Essay An exploration of the ways in which the men in Journeys End and Regeneration are affected by the War Essay Both R.C Sheriff and Pat Barker use their characterisations as means of conveying the effects of the traumas of war on the soldiers in Journeys End and Regeneration. These two texts not only explore the stress and emotional problems the men endured in response to the horrors of war, but also the ways in which they coped with or tried to escape them. Journeys End and Regeneration approach these concepts in sometimes similar ways which can be directly linked, yet at other times in contrasting ways. While Journeys End illustrates the effects of war on the men on the front line in the trenches, Regeneration focuses on the suffering of the aftermath of war of the soldiers their time at Craiglockhart Hospital. In Journeys End it is apparent that Stanhope is affected by his experiences of war and turns to alcohol in attempt to cope with his suffering. Other comrades are aware that his habit has escalated Hardy comments that he never did see a youngster put away the whiskey he does and they realise how his behaviour contradicts his old principles. Sheriff demonstrates Stanhopes preceding ascetic lifestyle through Raleighs admiration, once at school he caught some chaps in study with a bottle of whiskeyThe roof nearly blew off. This distinct contrast in character, displays the way in which war could change the soldiers behaviour dramatically. Stanhope exhibits paranoia through his desire to read Raleighs letters, emphasising his need to censor all letters and urges Osborne to cross out what (Stanhope) says about (him). Through his demands, Sheriff portrays Stanhope as being ashamed of the person war has made him. Barkers portrayal of Anderson in Regeneration can be compared to Stanhope, as he too leaves the war a changed character as a direct result of his experiences. His psychosomatic struggle to face his fear of blood is demonstrated through his constant nightmares, haunting him with images of horrifying injuries of his patients. It is evident from the recurring images of blood it pumped out of him that Anderson becomes incapacitated by the fear of blood, and thus, incapable providing for his family. Sheriff uses Trotter to illustrate an alternative way in which the soldiers coped with the strains of war. In order to make the time go alright, Trotter blacks (circles) in to mark off each hour. Not only does this demonstrate the soldiers desperation for the war to end but also indicates the absence of the concept of time in the trenches. These black circles evoke images of bullet holes, showing that the concept of war is always on the soldiers minds and they struggle to escape such thoughts. Trotter is also used to create a sense of bathos throughout the play, through his constant longing for food. He recognises the lovely smell of bacon! and converses with Mason about food. It becomes evident that Trotter eats for comfort, in a similar way that Stanhope drinks. His comment that wars bad enough with pepper, but without pepperits bloody awful, creates light-hearted relief against the reality of war and death. This abrupt change in ordinary style provides a contrast in the play, givi ng the audience a sense of normality, which is unmistakably a way in which the soldiers attempt to cope with their everyday struggles in the trenches. In addition to this, the soldiers in Journeys End use trivial games, such as earwig racing, not only to pass the time, but also as an attempt to shield themselves from the psychological effects of the war. The men display enthusiasm in playing such child-like games: if you want to get the best pace out of an earwig, dip it in whiskey makes em go like hell!, suggesting that they are suffering from a loss of youth due to entering the war at such a young age, causing them to revert back to their childhood ways. Similarly, this concept emerges in Regeneration. When Burns invites Rivers to his home, he looks like a child trying to remember what it was that grown-ups said to newly arrived guests. Here Barker demonstrates how young men could often remain innocent and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve through the carnage of war. Furthermore, Barker highlights the fact that Burns has been aged by the war and looks like a scarecrow. This depiction evokes images of a scrawny, hunchbacked man with weathered ski n and a vacant and expressionless face. The Sam Browne belt, bunching the loose fabric round his waist tied him together could be interpreted as a metaphor the belt being the one thing that is holding himself together emotionally. As a result of being pressurised to mature so hastily in becoming a captain, Burns is shown to be suffering from a loss of youth, both physically and mentally. A prominent distinction displayed between the two texts is the degree of realism established through language and the characters differing attitudes of war. The characters in Journeys End are constantly attempting to see war in a positive light and adopt an optimistic mind-set throughout their time in the trenches. Romantic imagery is a common method used in attempt to cope with the psychological scaring evoked by their traumatic experiences. Stanhope and Osborne describe the sunrise using positive adjectives such as gorgeous and splendid, provoking images of a romantic setting where battles take place. Consequently, it can be argued that this description provides an unrealistic portrayal of war. Moreover, although Osbornes comparison between sport and battle may seem true when he refers to no-mans land as the breadth of a rugger field, his association between them may also be observed as a romantic perception, as it moves away from the war. Thus, Sherriff exemplifies, through the so ldiers idealistic perceptions of war as a game, how they coped emotionally by underestimating aspects concerning war. In Regeneration, Barker perhaps provides a truer perspective of war through her use of realistic and often graphic language, a prime example being that Burns had time to realise that what filled his nose and mouth was decomposing human flesh. Through this direct and pragmatic approach, Barker explores the different effects experienced by the soldiers through various characters: Burns traumatic incident on the front line causes him to relive the horrors of his dreams and from every nightmare he awoke vomiting. Sassoon suffers form similar effects, as his hallucinations are discussed directly in the novel, the pavement was covered in corpses. Barkers honest and direct approach provides the reader with an accurate insight into the psychological distress experienced by the soldiers. However, the concept of soldiers using romance and escapism seen in Journeys End, in an attempt to evade the emotional effects, can also be found in Regeneration, through the characters Owen and Prior. Owens poetry initially provides him with escapism from the war, as he claims that he has always thought of p-poetry as the opposite of all that. The ugliness. He realises that poetry is something to t-take refuge in. Prior feels sexy while walking i nto no-mans land, conveying how soldiers often used sexuality to detach themselves from the misery of war; here, Barker demonstrates that men often coped with the ordeal of war by focussing on sex. Both authors demonstrate how soldiers can become psychosomatic in response to war. In Journeys End, Sherrif uses Hibbert to offer direct insight in to the psychological damage inflicted on the men. Hibbert claims he cant stick it any longer due to suffering from neuralgia. Despite Stanhopes disregard to this and his view of him being a worm and a shirker, Hibbert maintains that he wants to go sick. When confronted by Stanhope, Hibbert is shown with his eyes tightly screwed up as he stands quivering, evidently providing an image of someone whos mental state is seriously effected by the war. A similar notion is conveyed by Barker through Willard, who claims that he is paralysed despite Doctors telling him There was no injury to the spine. Rivers concludes that paralysis occurs because a man wants to save his life from taking part in some hopeless battle. Similarly to Hibbert, Willard is reluctant to concede anything that might suggest his illness was not purely physical. It is evident that he comes to realise that I cant walk because I dont want to go back. It can be concluded that, although both texts demonstrate the effects of war, the authors adopt similar and dissimilar methods of illustrating how the horrors of war can scar men psychologically and physically. The results of war on the men in both texts can often be directly linked, despite Sherriff and Barkers alternate styles of approach.

With Funny Quotes, Selfie Addiction May Not Be Such a Bad Thing

With Funny Quotes, Selfie Addiction May Not Be Such a Bad Thing If you havent already joined the selfie brigade, you are missing something. Even as we speak, selfies are being clicked and uploaded on every possible social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr. According to some surveys, over 1 million selfies are uploaded each day! And the number will continue to increase, as more and more people get tech savvy. Who Are These People  That Are Clicking Selfies? Who isnt? Right from your neighbor to Michelle Obama, to the Pope... everyone is clicking selfies. And why wouldnt they? It is fun to pout and pose in front of a camera, and show your flattering side without being self-conscious. With the availability of various apps in the market, you can enhance your appearance to give Angelina Jolie or Daniel Craig a run for their money. Selfie addicts often go through great pains to get the picture perfect. Many take multiple pictures until they zero in on the right one. Some go to the extent of clicking over a hundred images until they get the right pout. Selfies Are Not Just to Pout and Shoot; They Make a Statement I wonder what would Freud have to say about this new self-obsession that has caught on. Is this a narcissistic trend? To a conservative thinker, it might very well seem like a bit of self-obsession. While old school preaches humility, the new generation wants to flaunt and flash with  abandon. The youth has higher self-awareness, and they dont bury their head in the sand. On the contrary, selfies are the right instrument to make a statement. You can portray yourself in various avatars. Selfie Culture May Not Be So Bad After All Are you worried that your teenage son is growing up to be a selfie addict? Do you worry that this overbearing trend of exhibitionism  is eroding social values? Well, lets get real. This is the age of information technology, where you communicate in split seconds. Even as you read this, millions of  bytes of data are being exchanged, ideas germinated, trends created, and new business plans chalked out. Should we not board this gravy train? That said, selfies are a reflection of the changing times. Selfies document the phases of a persons life. Its like keeping an online picture book; except that you allow the world to have access to it. If selfies are created aesthetically, they can tell a story. How to Crack People Up With Your Selfies Nobody wants their selfie to go unnoticed. While going topless may not be your best bet to grab eyeballs, you can try something else instead. The next time you post your duck face, splash a funny quote right across the image. Now, youve got a winner! Who wouldnt want to smile at your selfie when they see your devil-may-care attitude? These funny quotes for selfies are just a beginning. As you get better at this game, you can create your own funny selfie quotes. You can also create cool profile quotes with your selfies. Cute profile quotes will make your selfies  popular. My formula for success is rise early, work late, and strike oil.

Homework2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework2 - Essay Example The Gaza Strip has been an area of interest for the Palestine and the Israel communities. If you compare the GDP of Israel with that of Palestine in 2012, we find that Israel is far much better. What creates this enormous difference? The answer is simple. Palestine is ever at war and never enjoys any political stability despite having deep oil fields worth billions of dollars. It is also evident that US, UK, Germany, France, and Japan has a relatively superior GDP compared to the rest of the world but their wealth cannot match that of the 22 Arab League Members. This is because all these countries rely on the Arab nations for energy. These countries need energy security in order to sustain their economy (Ma). It is also for this reason that US entered into an agreement with Israel to build the largest solar station in the world. Bright Source Energy and Southern California Edison are in collaboration to make this project a dream come true. This project will cause US $ $1.37 billion ( Karin Kloosterm). In order for the US to sustain their superiority, they must ensure that they have energy resources which should help keep their economy in check. This will also help them to retain their economic dominance. Ma, Damien. Dependence on Middle Eastern Oil: Now Its Chinas Problem, Too. 19 July 2012. 2014

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Assignment - 1

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Assignment Example Most companies aim to make a business plan as it helps them in attaining stability and growth. Critical appraisal of the business planning process The business planning process itself has a lot of obstacles and this is one of the reasons many organizations do not make any business plans. These organizations in fact rely on the experience of entrepreneurs and top executives. Let us find out the obstacles faced in the business planning process. Idea generation The first step in a business planning process is to document which product or service the firm wants to sell. It is very relevant to find out and be clear on a business idea. Unfortunately, most business ideas may be implemented. This is because the top executives may not have conducted appropriate research on the customer market before coming out with a business idea. Another problem which individuals may face is the financial constraint. Most business ideas may not receive adequate financial funding. There are several problems which may lead to the failure of the idea. One is that the individuals who wish to launch a new product or service may lack the required skill and competence required, makes hurried decisions without making a thorough analysis of the consumer market or may be ignorant about what is to be done. Hence, most product or service ideas may miserably fail (Flint, 2002). ... These objectives need to be formulated in order to chalk out a path to attaining success. Individuals need to emphasize on certain aspects before formulating strategic objectives. These are monitoring alternatives solutions, future trends need to be predicted, problem areas need to be avoided and fixing both short term and long term goals (Ramanujam, Venkatraman & Camillus 1986). However, most planners may not be able to plan these objectives properly. This is because the above mentioned aspects need a lot of attention and lack of thorough research into these aspects may lead to wrong setting of goals. At times, the top management may set up unrealistic and unattainable goals. Market research and analysis Market research and analysis is a thorough analysis of the customer market and also seeks to find out the opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats. All in all in seeks to understand the product or the service market. All these aspects need to be researched in order to develo p a thorough understanding of the customer’s needs and accordingly develop specific abilities and investment required for the necessary resources. Sometimes, lack of thorough product or service market understanding, may lead to the focus on the line of product or service be either too broad or too narrow (Slater & Olson 2001). Also the specifications relating to the performance of the product or service, the prices, and the complementary product or service line may affect market analysis and research. If any of these aspects, have not been thoroughly researched then it may lead to severe problem in the implementation of the business plan. According to

Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Event - Essay Example The event began with a salutation from our group leader followed by a few welcoming remarks and an introduction of the speaker as well as the members present and the purpose of the events. Just from this introduction I learnt the importance having an organisation of order of doing things and pulling the attention of participants in ensuring the success of any event. The speaker of the day took up from the introductions and went straight to the main objective. He described to us his life from childhood, what he has been thorough and the candid sacrifices and steps he has had to make while eyes remained set on the object of achieving success. According to the speaker ownership is a critical factor of success be in general life, academics or entrepreneurship. He emphasised the importance of persons taking the full responsibility of their life. I learnt that everything we do must be done for a purpose and in order to succeed we must always be willing to pay the price of our dreams. Staying focussed and becoming a subject matter expert in the field of interest are two other essential elements of success. The speaker also spoke about having a game plan for attaining personal or organisational goals, never giving up and being timely as crucial elements of success. In my reflection on the event therefore I think success is largely out of personal efforts and not the support of others. Even to be supported one must put an effort in winning this support. There will always be challenges in everything we do but the secret is to stay focussed and objective. This calls an understanding our purposes and goals as well as the effects of our actions to others. Being decisive and ethical in our decisions can really help us win the support of others both in life, business and as leaders and once there is the support then people share common visions and goals of success. This I think will be

Study on Phone Usage for Financial Services

Study on Phone Usage for Financial Services A STUDY ON USAGE OF MOBILE PHONE IN THE ACCESS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES AMONG RESIDENTS OF KANGUNDO CONSTITUENCY Background to the study The use of mobile has been taunted as the next big thing in the empowering of communities. ICT plays a big role in literally all spheres of life, and this explains why the government has supported laying of ICT infrastructure across the country. It is reported that Central Bank of Kenya’s enabling regulatory approach allows 23 million people (74% of adult population) to use mobile financial services via 90,000 agents (Alliance for Financial Inclusion, 2012, P.20). Expansion of the ICT sector has a direct contribution to a society’s access to information and subsequently empowerment. The use of mobile phone has revolutionized banking in the recent past, by netting the initially unbanked. Inventions in mobile phone have made tremendous contributions to financial services advancement. Banks have jostled to outsmart each other by launching varied mobile banking services, so are the mobile network operators. Such services by the banks are dependent on the platforms of existing mobile phone network operators. These services are accessed through USSD, WAP applications and internet banking. We have seen the emergence of mobile bank accounts such as M-benki (KCB), M-Shwari (CBA), M-Kesho (Equity Bank) and Pesa Mob (Family Bank). There have been partnership deals among these Banks and Mobile phone operators. Moreover, customers are able to access credit facilities through these mobile bank accounts as well as make loan payments. Other services in clude funds transfer, airtime top up, credit card payment, accessing mini-statements, balance enquiries and even stoppage of cheques. Agency Banking, which was meant to bring banking services closer to the customers equally relies heavily on the use of mobile phones. They include KCB Mtaani and Co-op Jirani. However, it is notable that there is a variation in usage of the mobile phone platform between urban and rural areas. We shall seek to know the trends in the usage of mobile phones to access financial services by residents of Kangundo Constituency. Statement of the problem This is a study to gauge whether residents of Kangundo constituency have embraced mobile phone technology to access financial services. Significance of study This study seeks to appreciate the use to technology to ease financial services accessibility. Traditional methods of visiting banks have long been overtaken by inventions in technology. Therefore this study will seek to explore whether the residents of this constituency have taken advantage of the more convenient financial services provision methods, as is now commonly known- paperless and Branchless banking. Access to banking services includes access to credit facilities which are a key catalyst for economic empowerment. The findings of this survey will prove useful to the constituents of Kangundo, financial services providers as well as mobile network operators. Purpose of the study This study seeks to: To establish the number of residents who own mobile phones To establish the number of residents who have registered for mobile phone services such as Mpesa, Airtel Money, Yu Cash and Orange Cash To establish the number of residents who have opened mobile bank accounts To establish applications used to access mobile banking services: USSD, WAP, Internet banking To establish the usage of bank agents in access of financial services To establish demographic trends in access of Banking services (Age, sex, education, employment status) Definition of concepts USSD- Unstructured Supplementary Service Data WAP Wireless Application Protocol Unbanked By definition, unbanked customers have no checking, savings, credit, or insurance account with a traditional, regulated depository institution (Delloitte, 2012, p.2) Literature Review The government recognizes ICT as a foundation for economic development, and as such, Kenya’s vision of knowledge based economy aims at shifting the current industrial development path towards innovation where creation, adoption, adaptation and use of knowledge remain the key source of economic growth as this is a critical tool for expanding human skills and rests largely on a system of producing, distributing and utilizing information and knowledge that in turn plays a great role in driving productivity and economic prosperity (Government of Kenya, 2013, p.21). One of such ICT tools is the mobile phones which continue to offer a myriad of opportunities, specifically on the financial sphere. To leverage on the above, the Government bets on the increase in communication to spur economic growth in tandem with the vision 2030 blueprint. As Watts, 2001 observes, ‘’some clients may prefer to access services at a distance. Increasingly, in all fields, consumers want a service to be available when they identify a need for it, with minimum delay and minimum effort: they want it here, and they want it now’’ (p6). The urge to access services with urgency and at a minimum cost is making more people gravitate towards technologically based products that are available through the mobile phone. The use of this gadget has simplified life and as such transactions can comfortably be initiated and terminated at one’s convenience. Further, it is notable that the settlement of these transactions is instant. ICT increase efficiency, productivity, and access to goods, services, information, and markets. Demand for these benefits is high. If the right compliments- such as power, connectivity, content, skills and support systems, functional markets and supportive policy frameworks- can be put in place, demand for ICT will be correspondingly high (William J. Kramer, Beth Jenkins, Robert s. Katz, 2007, p.9). With Kangundo being a rural area, we shall then be interested in knowing how the use of mobile phone has impacted on its residents, and whether they have taken full advantage of this revolutionary tool that continue to transform lives across the globe. Mobile phones have characterized the everyday life of Kenyans. Cheap Chinese phones have found their way in the market and this has eased the affordability of this ICT tool. Mobile ownership at the household level is almost as high as access. Approximately 75% of the households have at least a member who owns a mobile phone. In rural areas, ownership is 67% while in urban areas ownership reaches 90% (CCK, 2011, p.13). It is essential for banks to sensitize on mobile banking and ensure that customers maximize its use bearing in mind the capital invested (Korir, 2012, p.43). Information is power and banks have a role to play if they are to penetrate and crack open the mobile banking market. Banks will rely much on studies to inform their decisions on the best way to tap in to this market. The government has indeed been on the forefront by championing for ease of access of banking services to all citizens. Branchless banking through retail agents is made possible through the information and communication technologies that customers, retail agents and mobile network operators use to record and communicate transaction details quickly, reliably and cheaply over great distances. Among the first mobile network operators in the world to offer branchless banking were Globe Telecom and SMART in the Philippines. They launched their SmartMoney service in 2000 (in conjunction with Banco de Oro) followed by the G-Cash1 service in 2000. Customers can store cash, send funds from person to person, pay bills, make loan repayments and purchase goods at shops. They primarily use G-cash to buy airtime and to send money to friends and family (Financial Sector Deepening, 2009a, p1) Mobile banking represents a more cost efficient channel for the banks, allowing them to charge less for transactions, and permitting the consumer to have immediate access to information related to their bank accounts.P.3. Worldwide, more people now own a mobile phone than a bank account. A revolution in mobile phone payments is taking place. The way mobile devices are evolving makes it difficult for banks to find the right solution to manage complex technologies and provide a consistent service to customers. http://www.cr2.com/solutions/mobile-banking/mobile-banking-solution.html Alliance for financial inclusion. A High Level Conference on Kenya’s Economic Successes, Prospects and Challenges Making Inclusive Growth a Reality September 2013 Central Bank of Kenya’s enabling regulatory approach allows 23 million people (74% of adult population) to use mobile financial services via 90,000 agents. Pg 20 References Alliance for Financial Inclusion. 2013. A High Level Conference on Kenya’s Economic Successes, Prospects and Challenges Making Inclusive Growth a Reality. Retrieved on February 22, 2014 from Delloitte. (2012). Banking the Unbanked: Prepaid Cards, Mobile payments, and Global opportunities in Mobile Banking. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from https://www.deloitte.com/assets/DcomunitedStates/Local%20Assets /Documents /FSI/US_FSI_Bankingtheunbanked_043012.pdf

The Roles of Greek Heroism and the Gods in the Persian Wars Essay

The Roles of Greek Heroism and the Gods in the Persian Wars The Persian Wars (499-479 BC) put the Greeks in the difficult position of having to defend their country against a vast empire with an army that greatly outnumbered their own. Many city-states united in battle, although others found ways to avoid participation in the wars. The Greeks also relied on the words of Apollo to guide them, but the oracle did not always act encouragingly. The Greeks defeated the Persians in the Persian Wars due to heroic actions performed by Athens and Sparta and occasional assistance from the gods, but cowardice shown by other poleis nearly ended the Greeks’ chances of success. Unity between the Greek poleis could be seen occasionally in the battles of the Persian Wars, but not consistently. The Greeks first confronted the Persians during the Ionian Revolt (499-494 BC). Ionian Greeks wanted to escape the oppressive system the Persians had them under, so they turned to the Athenians. They in turn offered 20 ships to the revolt, and the Eretrians offered five ships (Demand 1996: 184). Although the revolt was unsuccessful, the help offered by Athens and Eretria provided the first instance of unity among several Greek poleis. The Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, however, did not provide such an instance. When the Persian army headed to Greece to attack, only Athens and Plataea sent soldiers to fight them. The Spartans claimed they could not send soldiers due to a festival and only appeared after the battle was won by the Athenians and Plataeans to congratulate the victors (Demand 1996: 186-187). The victory gave a boost to the confidence of the Athenians, who felt that â€Å"at Marathon we were the only ones to face up to th... ...arta to play greater roles in battle. This produced a tension between the city-states that nearly allowed the Persians to claim victory. The Greeks turned to Apollo, but the oracle did not encourage them. The Greek forces continued to fight, however, driven by acts of bravery performed by Athens and Sparta. Though the Greeks did not achieve complete unity or receive absolute encouragement from the gods, they had enough bravery and faith to bring them success in the Persian Wars. Works Cited Crane, Gregory R. (ed.) The Perseus Project, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu, November, 1998. Demand, Nancy. A History of Ancient Greece. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1996. Dillon, Matthew, and Lynda Garland. Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Socrates. London: Routledge, 1994. No. 7.42, p. 209.

3G network based security threats Essay

The key threats for 3G networks in perspective of integration of networks are: Wireless LAN customer who does not have access to 3G networks get access to 3G services without subscription. WLAN user gains access to 3G network and creates issues such as Denial of Service WLAN user gains access to 3G network and uses impersonation for using the service but charging other customers. Manipulation of charging when services like calls are transferred from one network to another. Application and Data related threats. Collection of login details and personal details that are transmitted over the network by using sniffing tools and mechanisms, especially when sufficient transport security is not set. Manipulation of information used for user authentication or service access to gain access to unauthorised services or manipulation of billing. Extracts personal information that are used at other places such as credit card information. Obtain information about user such as permanent identity in the network. Virus attacks from WLAN devices to other devices in the network Trojans and malicious software passed from one end-device to another. For volume based charging model, a rogue partner can flood the user with garbage packets to increase the invoiced amount. Malicious programs on the user terminal that increases the traffic to certain sites or content to illegally increase the traffic. Security Considerations for 3G-WLAN Integrated Networks. The security framework for 3G-WLAN integrated networks consists of various layers. Each security layer is independent of the other layers. However, there needs to be an overall security scheme that connects all the security requirements together. Also, since some of the vulnerabilities can happen at multiple layers, a holistic approach and framework is required to address all the risks of the special network. Authentication security at the user terminal. The authentication scheme in the case of 3G-WLAN should be based on a challenge response protocol similar to the existing mobile communication authentication scheme. This requires that the authentication details in the user terminal to be stored securely on UICC or SIM card. This should support mutual authentication and security mechanisms such EAP. Signalling and User Data Security. The subscriber needs to have the same level of security as the mobile access that is specified for the 3G networks. This means that the WLAN authentication and re-authentication mechanisms must be at the same levels as for 3G USIM based access. It needs to support the maintaining session key verification and maintenance. Also the 3G systems should provide the required keys with sufficient length and levels of entropy that are required by the WLAN subsystem. WLAN key agreement, distribution and authentication mechanism should be secure against any attacks by middlemen. The WLAN access technology between the user equipment and the access point/ network should be able to utilise the generated session keying material to ensure the integrity of the connection for authentication. Privacy of User Identity. The keys used by 3G AAA function that are used for the generation of temporary identities that is used for the communication between the network element and the user terminal should not be possible to recover. If it is possible to retrieve the keys, the permanent identity can be derived from any of the temporary identities. Also it should be possible to mask the different temporary identities corresponding to the permanent identity.

A Tale of Two Cities Essays

A Tale of Two Cities Essays A Tale of Two Cities Paper A Tale of Two Cities Paper Essay Topic: Literature Tale Of Two Cities John Fitzgerald Kennedy said that The courage of life is often less dramatic than the courage of a final moment; but it is no less a magnificent mixture of triumph and tragedy. This quote can be interpreted to mean that when it all comes down to the end, courage might seem more significant than the courage of normal everyday life, but really they are both as significant as each other. I do agree with this quote because all forms of courage deserve the same recognition as each other. One work of literature that I feel support this quote are A Tale of Two Cities, a novel by Charles Dickens this work is a prime examples of literature that support this quote. Through the use of characterization Charles Dickens proves this quote. The character Sydney Carton is a man who appears to be not much. He is always drunk and unkept in his appearance. His character appears to be useless to any of the other characters in the story, but he really turns out to be one of the main essential characters in the novel. When Charles Darnay stands trial for being accused of being a spy who is giving English information to the French, Sydney saves Darnay by showing how much they both look alike and thereby making all other evidence admitted obsolete. This is a small everyday act of courage that Sydney commits and shows that he really is a good natured and smart person. When Darnay is held captive and sentenced to die at the guillotine, Sydney commits the greatest act of courage. He decides to save Darnay by trading places with him. He is able to carry out this plan because of how closely he resembles Darnay. Darnay does this because he has a great love for Darnay and his family, especially for Lucie Manette, Darnays wife. This act of courage though, unfortunately costs Sydney his life. Even so, he dies with grace and dignity because he realizes what a great sacrifice he is making for others. Another was that Charles Dickens proves this quote is through the theme that love has the power to comfort, heal, and redeem. Lucie Manette is the character who emulates this theme the most in the novel. She is a constant reminder that love can heal and rejuvenate. When she meets her father, Doctor Manette, she immediately tries to care for him and become close to him again. Her father soon becomes well again and does not yearn so much for his shoe makers bench, which used to give him comfort while he was imprisoned. She gives her father the courage to be recalled to life. Also she is seen as the golden thread that weaves everyone together, giving everyone courage to live through their triumphs and tragedies. Lucie not only rejuvenates her father but also shows Sydney Carton the road to a better life. After meeting with Lucie, Sydney becomes a changed man who is no longer the drunken fool that everyone thinks he is. He actually starts to care about his life and all the people that he shares it with. John Fitzgerald Kennedy said that the courage people exhibit in normal everyday life is often considered to be less significant than acts of courage that are done in the heat of the moment, but actually have the same significance. A Tale of Two Cities, a novel by Charles Dickens agrees with this quote through the use of characterization and theme. This novel has a wonderful variety of characters that make this quote a truthful statement.

Intergenerational Attitudes in the Workplace

Intergenerational Attitudes in the Workplace Free Online Research Papers A common perception among more mature workers is that younger workers do not have the same attitudes and values that they had when they first entered the work force. As a result, many of these more mature workers fell that organizations that hire Gen Xer’s and Nexters are doomed to fail. While it is true that younger workers have different values and attitudes than their predecessors that do not necessarily mean that companies that hire them are doomed to failure. Organizations that can successfully engage and inspire younger workers through their corporate vision and shared values may succeed for many generations to come. Each generation has its high achievers and it’s not so high achievers. The â€Å"Traditionalists† from the World War II generation had â€Å"Zoot Suiters† and swing dancers. Baby Boomers had hippies, flower children, and Vietnam War protestors. The Gen X’ers and Nexters are no different. Since the end of World War II, each generation has felt that the generation succeeding them is not as ambitious or hardworking as they were. Today’s youth just has more outlets to express itself and the ability to display it more effectively than ever before. The key to improving or shaping employee attitudes, either younger or mature workers, is to improve job satisfaction and employee engagement. Employees that are engaged and feel satisfied with their jobs are more likely to display positive attitudes at work and work hard to succeed. For the first time in recent history, there are four generations of workers in the work force. While there has been little research on differences in generational values, intuitively one would expect values to change over generations. Traditionalists, or Veterans, are workers who grew up during the Great Depression and World War II first entered the workforce in the 1950’s and 60’s. They value hard work, maintaining the status quo, and respect for authority. They tend to be hardworking and practical and they place emphasis on maintaining a comfortable life and family security. Boomers, or Baby Boomers, were born after World War II through the mid-1960’s. They were heavily influenced by the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, and women’s liberation. They brought with them a distrust of authority but tend to emphasize personal achievements and material success. They work hard but also want to be able to enjoy the fruits of their labors. Xers, or Generation X, have been shaped by globalization, two-career parents, AIDS, and computers. Xers value flexibility, options, and job satisfaction. They tend to be skeptical of authority. Although money is important, many Xers are willing to trade off promotions and pay increases for more leisure time and lifestyle options. In fact, Xers’ are less willing to make personal sacrifices for their employers than either of the other two generations. Finally, there are the Nexters or Generation Y. Nexters entering the work force have high expectations and seek meaning in their work. They grew up in the age of the internet, DVD’s, ATM’s and cell phones, so they tend to embrace technology and even take it for granted. Nexters seek financial success and desire the things that money can buy. (Robbins and Judge 123-125) Organizations that understand the generational diversity of their workforce and appeal to the distinct values of each group will be able to attract, recruit, and retain highly motivated individuals from across the spectrum, Differences between the generations have frequently caused divisions. The veterans distrusted boomers for their appearance and rejection of authority. Many Xers and Nexters attempt to emphasize their individuality by their â€Å"in your face† style of dress, tattoos, and body piercings. For example, in August 2008 an otherwise unnotable young man known as â€Å"MR Unstable† made international news when a 4 minute tape of him bathing in a sink at Burger King was posted in YouTube (youtube.com/watch?v=a1iyN7Y-jJQ). In the days following the posting it was viewed over 300,000 times. Copies and commentaries on the video have been viewed over a million times and MR Unstable has been interviewed on all major US television networks. I think most people who watched the video could relate to someone they know or have observed in the workplace. It’s fair to say that each generation feels that its succeeding generation has failed to measure up. This is most likely d ue to selective perceptions that older generations have about the succeeding generations. Some Xers and Nexters go to great lengths to display their creativity and individuality. Because we cannot assimilate everything that we see, we tend to give greater emphasis to what we perceive to be â€Å"extreme†, both positive and negative. Images of some baby boomers protesting the Vietnam War affected veterans’ perceptions of the entire generation. Likewise, images of celebrity Nexters such as Paris Hilton, Lindsey Lohan, and Brittney Spears behaving irresponsibly form the images that shape our perceptions of their entire generation. It is important to remember that while these celebrities may represent a portion of their generation, it is only a portion. They do not represent the attitude of their entire generation. For example, a company recently terminated a â€Å"Generation Y† female for safety violations, abuse of company property and horseplay on company time. At her exit interview, she was shown the security video tapes of her doing â€Å"doughnuts† on a forklift inside the warehouse and then jumping off the forklift onto the back of another associate that was walking nearby. Rather than acknowledge the possible damage or injuries that her actions could caused she wanted to know why she was not being given a warning prior to her termination. Up until that time, she had always been provided with multiple warnings and had never truly been held accountable for her actions. Contrast that to some of the soldiers, sailors, and airmen from our military. They are also from Generations X and, however their sense of responsibility and satisfaction from the job has led them to volunteer not just to join the Army Reserve but to volunteer for multiple hazardous duty tours in Iraq and Afghanistan in support of the Global War on Terror. Another factor that may affect attitudes of Gen Xers’ and Nexters is that fact that up until now they have not experienced a major economic downturn during their adult (wage earning) lifetime. They have not placed as much emphasis on job security as they have on other factors. If they lost a job or lost interest in a job, they could move rapidly to another. As unemployment climbs in our current economic crisis, job security is taking on new meaning and value for many of them. Finally, there is an element of truth to the perception that younger workers do not have the same attitudes and values as previous generations of workers. As noted previously, each generation of workers has somewhat different values from the others. For the most part, all workers in an organization are seeking some sort of challenge and job satisfaction. Younger workers generally find themselves entering the work force in entry level positions. These positions tend to be more physical or technical with less emphasis on creativity. These jobs tend to have average or below average job satisfaction levels. Increasing job satisfaction among the younger workers can be a key to early integration into the organization which in turn can lead to improved attitude and job performance. Successfully organizations will find opportunities to add meaning and value to entry level positions and ensure that the succession plan is articulated early so that new associates that value promotions an d additional responsibility have the ability to pursue them successfully. In conclusion, although the attitudes and appearance of younger workers are much different than those of past generations this does not mean that corporations and organizations that hire them are destined for failure. Organizations need to share their corporate vision with new associates them to integrate them into the organization. Associates that share and value the corporate vision are more likely to be motivated to ensure its future success. In some cases, some organizations may need to modify their corporate vision to include values that inspire and motivate Gen X’ers and Nexters. As mentioned above, each generation has or has had its own motivating factors. Successful organizations will be able to identify these motivators and integrate them into their vision and values and use them to attract and retain high caliber associates in the future. Research Papers on Intergenerational Attitudes in the WorkplaceTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

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