Project Management Discussion and Proposal - Free Essay Example

Project idea Palliative care in nursing refers to care provided to the patients of all ages with a life-threatening illness, or those with chronic illness. The care aims to provide the needed comfort to such patients as well as improving their life (Smith et al. 2012). In the United States, the greater part of the population is composed of the senior citizen who has one or more chronic diseases. Such patients require a continued care since arent able to carry out their daily needs. Patients with diseases such as Alzheimers, HIV/AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney failure, congestive heart disease as well as cancer may need such kind of care (Wiener et al. 2015). Palliative care is an emerging area of nursing and is different from hospice care. It involves carrying out evidence-based approaches that are aimed at improving the needs as well as the health of such patients (Quill and Abernethy, 2013). Most medical students in the United States can undertake palliative care programs aimed enabling them to gain knowledge on how to take care of patients with various chronic as well as life-threatening illness. In most healthcare organizations, systems arent put in place to ensure that new staff is educated on ways to carry out palliative care to different types of patients. Healthcare organization, therefore, need to initiate the compulsory education program aimed at educating new staff on ways to carry out palliative care to different types of patients (Van der Steen et al. 2014). This is critical in ensuring that this group of patients is provided with the needed care to improve their healthcare outcome (Gamondi et al. 2013). Additionally, it will ensure that such healthcare organizations can provide quality healthcare service to these groups of patients. Implementation of such program is an example of the evidence based approach that is mandated in improving the health outcome of these groups of patients. Justification of project idea In the United States, palliative care is well established in hospice and hospitals. Studies suggest that future work in this form of care need to develop quality metrics as well as enabling the creation of models that facilitate the provision of these services extensively (Lynch et al. 2013). With the rise of chronic illness as well as life-threatening conditions such as stroke and diseases of the heart, palliative care has become an important care that should be provided well (Maltoni et al. 2012). This is because patients suffering from this form of illness needs to take care of to live a quality life. With continued shortage of healthcare professionals in both the private and public healthcare systems in the United States, the available healthcare personnel doesnt understand how to carry out the needed care adequately and efficiently. It is thus essential to ensure that new staff is well trained on how to carry out palliative care. This is critical in ensuring that such nurses und erstand the importance as well as the need of carrying out palliative care effectively and efficiently. This way, the quality of life, as well as the health outcome of the patients with chronic illness as well as those who are terminally ill, will be improved effectively and efficiently. Recent findings suggest that in the United States, the provision of palliative care has been influenced by public-private free-for services reimbursement system according to Morrison (2013). Morrison (2013) found that estimated 46 percent of the adults are provided with end-of-life care under Medicate hospice benefits (Orloff, 2011). Irrespective of prognosis, in most hospital, palliative teas have expanded to provide the care to patients who are terminally ill. Morrison (2013), found that over 85percent of the mid-large hospital has expanded to provide the needed palliative care to patients who are terminally ill. The finding further suggests that there is a need to ensure that healthcare professio nals are well trained to provide palliative care to the patients. The objectives To ensure adoption of the compulsory educative program during the orientation of new staff in hospital settings. To ensure that new staff can learn and understand the importance of carrying out palliative care. Stakeholder The healthcare administrator needs to be informed the importance of the program as well as ways in which the program can help improve the quality of life. Other stakeholders that need to be informed include healthcare professionals on the importance of such program. This can be done via the use of internal memo. Critical Questions What is palliative care and what is the scope of the given care? What is importance of palliative care in healthcare organizations? How is palliative care carried out in a given healthcare organization? What are challenges facing the execution of palliative care in healthcare organizations? What is the approach that needs to be taken into consideration in addressing the challenges? Are nurses as well as other healthcare professionals trained on how to carry out a palliative care in healthcare organizations? Is there ongoing research being carried out pertaining the palliative care? The above questions will enable determination of how palliative care is carried out in different healthcare organizations. The evaluation of such questions can determine the important or rather the impact of establishing compulsory educative programs aimed at orienting new staff on the importance as well as ways of carrying out putative care. Reference Gamondi, C., Larkin, P. and Payne, S., 2013. Core competencies in palliative care: an EAPC white paper on palliative care education: part 2.? European Journal of palliative care. Maltoni, M., Scarpi, E., Rosati, M., Derni, S., Fabbri, L., Martini, F., Amadori, D. and Nanni, O., 2012. Palliative sedation in end-of-life care and survival: a systematic review.? Journal of Clinical Oncology,? 30(12), pp.1378-1383. Quill, T.E. and Abernethy, A.P., 2013. Generalist plus specialist palliative care†creating a more sustainable model.? New England Journal of Medicine,? 368(13), pp.1173-1175. Smith, T.J., Temin, S., Alesi, E.R., Abernethy, A.P., Balboni, T.A., Basch, E.M., Ferrell, B.R., Loscalzo, M., Meier, D.E., Paice, J.A. and Peppercorn, J.M., 2012. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care.? Journal of clinical oncology,? 30(8), pp.880-887. Van der Steen, J.T., Radbruch, L., Hertogh, C.M., de Boer, M.E., Hughes, J.C., Larkin, P., Francke, A.L., J?nger, S., Gove, D., Firth, P. and Koopmans, R.T., 2014. White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care.? Palliative medicine,? 28(3), pp.197-209. Wiener, L., Weaver, M.S., Bell, C.J. and Sansom-Daly, U.M., 2015. Threading the cloak: palliative care education for care providers of adolescents and young adults with cancer.? Clinical oncology in adolescents and young adults,? 5, p.1. Lynch, T., Connor, S. and Clark, D., 2013. Mapping levels of palliative care development: a global update. Journal of pain and symptom management,? 45(6), pp.1094-1106. Morrison, R. S. (2013). Models of palliative care delivery in the United States.? Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care,? 7(2), 201â€Å"206. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0b013e32836103e5 Orloff,? S.? F. (2011). Pediatric Palliative Care in the United Stat es of America.? Pediatric Palliative Care: Global Perspectives, 359-376. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2570-6_20

Influences of Society on Gender in The Color Purple and To Kill a Mockingbird - Literature Essay Samples

Gender roles are learned mainly through social interaction rather than biologically. When people are born, they are supplied with very little knowledge of gender. Certain behavior is taught by means of social interactions and through relationships with others. Additionally, the way that children are raised in society reflects on how they act as they mature. The idea that society transforms the beliefs and views on life from communication experienced through parents, peers, and work, much more than biological factors can be seen in the movie The Color Purple and the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Naturally, females are overlooked as being less athletic than males because of gender. As a result of this, parents often do not treat girls and boys in the same way when it comes to sports. Boys are taught to be more aggressive since it is expected that boys should be more athletic than girls. In The Color Purple, Albert’s expectations of stereotypical male dominance convince Harpo that he needs to beat Sofia (Spielberg). Furthermore, girls are encouraged to express their feelings and to cry freely. Boys generally have feelings such as excitement and anger; they are socialized to replace feminine ones including depression and fear. Males are restrained from crying and expressing emotions (Jackson). Instead, they are expected to man up and act like nothing bothers them. Starting at a young age, children are also influenced to act in specific ways by their peers. Throughout the movie, Harpo is the only man within his group who doesn’t find pleasure in beating his wife. He is often shamed for this and pushed to the point where he feels as though he needs to strike Sofia to please his friends and family (Spielberg). In reality, a child can be made fun of when doing things considered not typical of their gender. For instance, a boy can be teased by his peers if he likes to cook in the kitchen or play with dolls (Skorek). Advertisements on commercials present specific toys for each gender and show just one playing with them; society influences children to play only with certain toys that are meant for their gender. Men are still very dominant in high position jobs because our culture indicates that men can handle tough jobs better than women can. Since society values competition and individuals becoming successful on their own, women’s orientation towards caring for others or acting cooperatively to build the community can be considered (in a male dominated society) to be of lesser importance (Russ). For example, it is not considered socially acceptable for a female to coach a men’s sports team. This is a disadvantage, because some women might be great coaches, so the players miss out on great experience, and female coaches miss out on the opportunity to coach. It is unfair for society to judge one’s capabilities on gender. During the beginning of The Color Purple, women were forced to stay home and be housewives (Spielberg). Albert wanted to get married just so that he had someone to do clean and cook for him. Eventually, Celie shows her independence by leaving Albert and opening up her own shop; she sold jeans for both men and women. Scout is a tomboy with feminine expectations pressured upon her. She often rejects and rebels against the proper teachings taught by her Aunt Alexandra, Mrs. Dubose, and the other white, upper-class, southern ladies of Maycomb County. During the 1930s, the ideal little girl was an image of pure femininity; females never wore slacks or jeans, only skirts and dresses with appropriate hats and gloves. Scout was very foreign to this type of attire since she grew up without a feminine influence. Typically, little girls played with dolls, played house, and had tea and dress-up parties. A proper young lady learned to dance properly in white gloves and a long dress and was part of the several socialite clubs of society (Lee 170). Women were not expected to use coarse language or improper grammar; Scout often did. Scout is commonly mocked by her peers because she loves to play with the boys, fight like them, and dress like them. No biological endowments exist that hold men and women to these assumed roles in society. People are born knowing which gender they are, but through further interaction learn how society expects them to act. There is no way that anyone could learn attitudes and behaviors through biological influences; society has a much stronger impact on the way people act according to gender. Everyone is born with some instinct on how to act relative to gender, but the way they are raised, how they interact with their peers, and the effects that society has, is what influences gender identity.